-
1 ease the crisis
Общая лексика: облегчить кризис -
2 crisis
n (pl crises)to aggravate a crisis — обострять / усугублять кризис
to be gripped by / to be in the midst of / to be locked in a crisis — быть охваченным кризисом
to bring about a crisis — вызывать кризис, служить толчком к началу кризиса
to create a crisis — создавать кризис / кризисное положение
to deepen a crisis — обострять / усугублять кризис
to de-escalate / to defuse the crisis — сокращать масштабы кризиса, ослаблять кризис
to ease the crisis — сокращать масштабы кризиса, ослаблять кризис
to exacerbate a crisis — обострять / усугублять кризис
to face a crisis — сталкиваться с кризисом; стоять на пороге кризиса
to ignite a crisis — вызывать кризис, служить толчком к началу кризиса
to limp / to lurch from one crisis to another — идти от кризиса к кризису
to resolve a crisis — преодолевать / разрешать кризис, справляться с кризисом
to settle / to solve a crisis — преодолевать / разрешать кризис, справляться с кризисом
to spark off / to trigger (off) a crisis — вызывать кризис, служить толчком к началу кризиса
- affected by the crisis - agrarian crisisto worsen a crisis — обострять / усугублять кризис
- agricultural crisis
- amidst the worst crisis
- artificial crisis
- balance-of-payments crisis
- bilateral crisis
- budget crisis
- cabinet crisis
- chronic crisis
- consequences of a crisis
- constitutional crisis
- crisis blew up
- crisis broke out
- crisis came to a head
- crisis continues unabated
- crisis erupted
- crisis flared
- crisis gripped the country
- crisis is brewing
- crisis is building up
- crisis is deepening by the hour
- crisis is reaching a climax
- crisis of confidence
- crisis of power
- crisis of the ruling regime
- crisis spills over into war
- current crisis
- cyclical crisis
- deep crisis
- deepening crisis
- deepening mood of crisis
- deep-seated crisis
- diplomatic solution to a crisis
- dire crisis
- ecological crisis
- economic crisis
- elimination of a crisis
- energy crisis
- every possible avenue has got to be explored to find a political solution to the crisis
- exchange crisis
- financial crisis
- fiscal crisis
- food crisis
- fuel crisis
- general crisis
- global crisis
- government crisis
- governmental crisis
- grave crisis
- Gulf crisis
- home crisis
- hostage crisis
- housing crisis
- imminent crisis
- impact of a crisis
- in a state of crisis - internal crisis
- internal political crisis
- international crisis
- intractable crisis
- looming crisis
- ministerial crisis
- monetary and financial crisis
- mounting crisis
- national crisis
- offset of the crisis
- oil crisis
- on the verge of a crisis
- peaceful outcome to a crisis
- periodic crisis
- perpetual crisis
- petroleum crisis
- phase of a crisis
- political crisis
- profound crisis
- protracted crisis
- raw-materials crisis
- recurrent crisis
- resolution of a crisis
- serious crisis
- settling of a crisis
- severe crisis
- signs of a crisis
- social crisis
- spiraling crisis
- underlying crisis
- unparalleled crisis
- way out of the crisis
- world crisis -
3 situation
nситуация; положение; обстановка; состояниеto adjust to the situation — привыкать / приспосабливаться к обстановке
to aggravate the situation — ухудшать / обострять положение, обстановку, усугублять положение
to appraise / to assess the situation — оценивать обстановку
to bring the situation to the attention of the authorities — обращать внимание властей на сложившуюся обстановку
to bring the situation under control — брать ситуацию под контроль; наводить порядок
to bring the military situation into balance — добиваться равновесия в численности войск и в вооружениях
to calm the situation — нормализовать обстановку; разряжать обстановку
to control the situation — контролировать ситуацию; быть хозяином положения
to destabilize the situation — дестабилизировать положение, дестабилизировать обстановку
to escalate / to exacerbate the situation — обострять обстановку
to get more closely acquainted with the realities of the situation — знакомиться с фактическим положением поближе
to get the maximum benefit out of the situation — извлекать максимальную выгоду из сложившейся обстановки
to inflame the situation — обострять обстановку, перен. подливать масла в огонь
to influence a situation — оказывать влияние / влиять на ситуацию
to meet the situation — действовать в соответствии с обстановкой / обстоятельствами
to normalize the situation (in) — нормализовать положение / обстановку (где-л.)
to rectify / to redress the situation — исправлять создавшееся положение
to relieve smb's situation — облегчать чье-л. положение
to review the situation — обозревать / рассматривать положение; анализировать положение
to shoot one's way out of the situation — прибегать к оружию с целью выхода из создавшейся обстановки
- actual situationto stabilize the situation — стабилизировать обстановку / положение
- acute situation
- adjustment of a situation - assessment of the situation
- awkward situation
- commanding situation
- complicated situation
- complication of the international situation
- conflict situation
- confusing situation
- contradictory situation
- crisis situation
- critical situation
- current situation
- dangerous situation
- dead-end situation
- deadlocked situation
- declining security situation
- demographic situation
- deteriorating situation
- disastrous situation
- domestic situation of a country
- domestic situation
- dramatic situation
- economic situation
- emergency situation
- escalating situation
- explosive situation
- extreme situation
- financial situation
- fluid situation
- food situation
- fragile situation
- geographical situation
- give-and-take situation
- grave situation
- gravity of the situation
- grim situation
- health situation
- human rights situation
- improvement of the international situation
- in connection with the existing situation
- in the context of the existing situation
- inflammable situation
- initial situation
- internal situation
- international situation
- irreversible situation
- labor situation
- law-and-order situation
- marginal situations
- measures to deal with the balance of payments situation
- military and political situation
- military situation
- murky situation
- nonstabilized situation
- normalization of the international situation
- no-win situation
- one-against-the-rest situation
- peaceful situation
- political situation
- pre-accord situation
- precarious situation
- pre-crisis situation
- present situation
- present-day situation
- radiation situation
- regional situation - shambolic situation
- shifting situation
- situation becomes clearer
- situation clarifies
- situation deteriorates
- situation eases
- situation gets out of control
- situation goes out of hand
- situation has worsened
- situation is approaching crisis point
- situation is back to normal
- situation is balanced
- situation is calm
- situation is changing
- situation is confused
- situation is critical
- situation is deadlocked
- situation is fragile
- situation is hazardous
- situation is in turmoil
- situation is pregnant with peril
- situation is quiet
- situation is returning to normal
- situation is ripe for further conflict
- situation is tense
- situation is uncertain
- situation is under control
- situation now is a far cry from what it was
- situation of neither war, nor peace
- situation of despair
- situation settles down
- situation there goes largely unreported
- socio-economic situation
- socio-political situation
- special situation
- specific situation
- stalemate situation
- strategic situation
- subordinate situation
- tense situation
- threat situation
- uncertain situation
- uncontrollable situation
- unequal situation
- ungovernable situation
- unsatisfactory situation
- unstable situation
- violent situation
- volatile situation
- vulnerable situation
- warlike situation
- world situation
- world trade situation
- worrying situation
- worsening situation -
4 situation
[ˌsɪtʃʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n]n1) положение дел, ситуация, обстановкаThe situation at home is getting more and more unbearable every day. — Обстановка дома с каждым днем становится все невыносимей.
- criminal situation- housing situation
- rules governing every situation
- oil and energy situation
- serious and pop music situation- crisis situation- desperate situation- fluid situation- explosive situation
- threatening situation
- humiliating situation
- life-and-death situation
- thrilling situation
- moving situation- international situation- emergency situation- situation report- situation map
- situation in the country
- situation at the front
- present situation in teaching
- with this situation in view
- appreciate the situation
- be master of the situation
- ease the housing situation
- experience a similar situation
- get involved into an unpleasant situation
- get out come out of a bad situation
- introduce dramatic situations into the play
- realize one's financial situation
- sense the situation
- size up the situation
- solve a difficult situation
- straighten a bad situation
- talk over political situation
- accept a situation
- be in a strange situation
- be well informed of the whole situation
- come out of a difficult situation with credit
- deal with the situation
- be determined by the situation
- exploit use of the situation
- have the situation well in hand
- improve the situation
- laugh off an awkward situation
- manage situation
- cope with the situation- watch the situation with alarm- view the situation with alarm2) расположение, положениеThe country is in a crucial (desperate, hopeless, unfavourable, gloomy) situation. — Страна находится в критическом (отчаянном, безнадежном, невыгодном, мрачном) положении.
The present situation calls for urgent measures. — Сложившаяся обстановка требует принятия срочных мер.
That's quite a situation. — Вот так ситуация!
It was a life and death situation. — Это был вопрос жизни и смерти.
- convenient situation for a house- geographical situation of the country
- situation of a city
- have a good geographical situation
- place is beautiful in situation3) работа, место, должностьSituations are guarantied to all students trained at the college. — Всем выпускникам этого колледжа гарантируется работа.
He studied the "situations vacant" columns in the newspaper. — Он внимательно просматривал газетные объявления о найме рабочей силы.
- well-paying situation- one's former situation
- situation as a typist
- situation with high wages
- from one's former situation
- accept the situation
- apply for a situation
- be in a situation
- be out of a situation
- get a situation out of town
- hold a responsible situation
- leave the situation without a character
- look for a good situation
- lose one's situation
- take a situation as a nurseASSOCIATIONS AND IMAGERY:Ситуации и состояния ассоциируются с местом; хорошая ситуация ассоциируется с таким надежным местом, как дом, а нехорошая ситуация - с ненадежным, опасным местом. ср.: We are in a situation where there are no real winness. Мы оказались в такой ситтуации, где победителей не может быть. In this work, the author is back on familiar territory. Автор опять описывает вполне знакомую ему ситуацию. It was time for her to leave the family nest. Настало время ей покинуть тепло семейного гнезда/изменить ситуацию. I have felt at home since the moment I started workhere. С тех пор, как я работаю здесь, я чувствую себя как дома/на своем месте/вполне комфортно. He carved out a niche for himself within the company. Он нашел себе безопасную нишу в этой компании. This is right up my street/alley. Это вполне по мне/мне подходит. The park is a heaven for tired shoppers. Парк вокруг торгового центра просто рай для усталых покупателей. This town has always been a cultural desert. С точки зрения культурной деятельностиэтот городишко просто пустыня. That pary of the city is nothing but a concrete jungle. Эта часть города не что иное как бетонные джунгли. He spent many years in the political wilderness. Многие годы он провел в политическом забвении/был абсолютно неуспешен в политике. This is a potential minefield for beginners. Для новичка эта ситуация полна опасностей. /Оказавшись в этой ситуации, новички вступают на минное поле. We have a very rocky road to travel. Нам предстоит нелегкий путь. /На этом пути нас ждет немало трудностей. I have been caught between a rock and a hard place. Я оказался между Сциллой и Харибдой. /Куда не кинь всюду клин. /Я оказался в безвыходном положении. /И то то и то плохо. He is in a fight spot. Он в затруднительном положении. We were left nigh and dry when they withdrew our funding. Мы оказались на мели, когда у нас изъяли финансирование -
5 help
A n1 ( assistance) aide f ; ( in an emergency) secours m ; to need some help with the cooking/gardening avoir besoin d'aide pour faire la cuisine/le jardin ; with the help of à l'aide de [stick, knife] ; avec l'aide de [person] ; can I be of help (to you)? puis-je faire quelque chose pour vous? ; to be of help to sb [person] rendre service à qn ; [information, map] être utile à qn ; the information was of little help to us l'information ne nous a pas été d'un grand secours or ne nous a pas été très utile ; she was a great help to us elle nous a beaucoup aidés, elle nous a été d'un grand secours ; you're a great help! iron tu es vraiment d'un grand secours! ; to come to sb's help venir au secours de qn, venir en aide à qn ; to go to sb's help aller au secours de qn, prêter secours or assistance à qn ; to cry ou shout for help appeler à l'aide or au secours ; he is beyond help, he is past (all) help on ne peut plus rien pour lui ; it's a help if you can speak the language ça aide de parler la langue ; a degree would be a help un diplôme aiderait bien ; the tablets were no help les comprimés n'ont pas servi à grand-chose ; there's no help for it il n'y a rien à faire ; she needs (professional) help gen elle devrait consulter un professionnel ; ( from psychiatrist) elle devrait voir un psychiatre ;3 ¢ ( staff) domestiques mpl ; ( on farm) ouvriers mpl agricoles ; they need extra help in the bar ils ont besoin d'aide supplémentaire au bar.B excl au secours! ; help! I've got nothing to wear for tonight! hum mince alors ○ ! je n'ai rien à mettre pour ce soir!C vtr1 ( assist) aider (to do à faire) ; ( more urgently) secourir ; we got the children to help us nous nous sommes fait aider par les enfants ; we must all help each other nous devons tous nous entraider or nous aider les uns les autres ; she helped them with the decorations elle les a aidés pour les décorations ; can you help me with this sack please? est-ce que tu peux m'aider à porter ce sac s'il te plaît? ; can I help you? ( in shop) vous désirez? ; ( on phone) j'écoute ; ( at reception desk) je peux vous aider? ; to help sb across/down/out aider qn à traverser/ descendre/sortir ; I helped him to his feet je l'ai aidé à se lever ; to help sb on/off with aider qn à mettre/enlever [garment, boot] ; she helped him through some difficult times elle l'a aidé à traverser des moments difficiles ;2 ( improve) améliorer [situation, problem] ; he didn't help matters by writing that letter il n'a rien arrangé en écrivant cette lettre ; getting drenched didn't help my cold le fait de me faire tremper jusqu'aux os n'a pas arrangé mon rhume ;3 ( contribute) to help to do contribuer à faire ; her article helped (to) increase public awareness of the problem son article a contribué à sensibiliser le public à ce problème ; the injection should help (to) ease the pain la piqûre devrait soulager la douleur ; these flowers will help (to) brighten the room ces fleurs devraient égayer la pièce ; this policy helps (to) keep prices down cette politique favorise la baisse des prix ;5 ( prevent) it can't be helped! on n'y peut rien!, tant pis! ; she can't help the way she was brought up elle ne peut rien changer à la façon dont elle a été élevée ; I can't help the way I feel je n'y peux rien ; he can't help being awkward/stupid! ce n'est pas de sa faute s'il est maladroit/stupide! ; I can't help it if the car breaks down! je n'y peux rien or ce n'est pas de ma faute si la voiture tombe en panne! ; I'm sorry I slammed the door-I couldn't help it excusez-moi d'avoir claqué la porte-je ne l'ai pas fait exprès ; not if I can help it! sûrement pas! ; he won't win if I can help it je vais faire tout mon possible pour l'empêcher de gagner ; don't tell her any more than you can help ne lui dis pas plus qu'il n'en faut ; try not to change gear more often than you can help essayez de changer de vitesse le moins (souvent) possible ; she never works harder than she can help elle travaille toujours le strict minimum ; I can't help that je n'y peux rien ; you can't help but pity him on ne peut pas s'empêcher d'avoir pitié de lui.D vi1 ( assist) aider ; I was only trying to help! je voulais seulement aider! ; he never helps with the cooking/housework il n'aide jamais à faire la cuisine/le ménage ; they offered to help with the expenses ils ont offert d'aider à payer les frais or de participer aux frais ; this map doesn't help much cette carte n'est pas d'un grand secours or ne sert pas à grand-chose ; will it help if I give you a clue? est-ce que ça t'aiderait si je te donnais un indice? ; every little helps ( when donating money) tous les dons sont les bienvenus ; ( when saving) les petits ruisseaux font les grandes rivières ;2 ( be an improvement) would it help if I turned the light off? est-ce que ce serait mieux si j'éteignais? ; it might help if we knew where they lived ça nous arrangerait de savoir où ils habitent, ça serait déjà quelque chose si on savait où ils habitent ; she tried going to bed earlier, but it didn't help much elle a commencé à se coucher plus tôt, mais ça n'a pas servi à grand-chose.E v refl1 ( serve) to help oneself se servir ; I helped myself from the fruit bowl je me suis servi dans la coupe de fruits ; help yourselves! servez-vous! ; help yourselves to coffee/cigarettes prenez du café/des cigarettes ; help yourselves to some more cake reprenez un peu de gâteau ;2 to help oneself to ( pinch) piquer ○ ; he has been helping himself to the till il a piqué ○ (de l'argent) dans la caisse ;3 ( prevent) to help oneself s'en empêcher ; I tried not to laugh, but I couldn't help myself j'ai essayé de ne pas rire, mais je n'ai pas pu m'en empêcher or c'était plus fort que moi.■ help along:▶ help [sb] along aider [qn] à marcher [infirm person] ;▶ help [sth] along faire avancer [process, negotiations, project].■ help out:▶ help out aider, donner un coup de main ○ ;▶ help [sb] out gen aider, donner un coup de main ○ à ; ( financially) dépanner ○ ; ( in crisis) tirer [qn] d'embarras [person] ; his parents help him out with the rent ses parents l'aident à payer le loyer. -
6 relief
̈ɪrɪˈli:f I сущ.
1) а) облегчение, помощь, утешение to express relief ≈ выражать облегчение to feel relief ≈ испытывать, чувствовать облегчение to find relief ≈ находить утешение They found relief in looking at their son's photographs. ≈ Они находили утешение рассматривая фотографии своего сына. to receive relief ≈ получать утешение to seek relief ≈ искать утешения It was a relief to get home. ≈ Было утешительно добраться домой. They expressed relief that the crisis was over. ≈ Они почувствовали облегчение, что кризис преодолен. To my relief they got there safely. ≈ Слава богу, что они добрались туда в целости и сохранности. instant relief ≈ мгновенное облегчение great relief immense relief permanent relief temporary relief bring relief give relief Syn: comfort, relaxation, ease, alleviation б) освобождение( от уплаты штрафа и т.п.) в) воен. снятие осады
2) а) помощь (материальная и т. п.) ;
пособие( по безработице и т.п.) to put on relief ≈ включить в список для получения пособия по безработице relief cut ≈ сокращение пособия relief fund ≈ фонд помощи б) подкрепление в) смена (в местах со сменным режимом работы, о человеке, времени работы), сменщик;
освобождение (от обязанностей) in the relief ≈ при смене, во время смены Syn: release ∙ Syn: aid, help, assistance
3) разнообразие, приятная перемена обстановки II сущ.
1) рельеф (произведение искусства) relief work ≈ чеканная работа
2) прям. перен. контраст, четкость, рельеф, рельефность in relief Syn: legibility, clearness, vividness, distinctness, prominence
3) геогр. рельеф местности облегчение, утешение - a sign of * вздох облегчения - the medicine gave some * лекарство принесло некоторое облегчение - it was a * to her to find the children safe она вздохнула с облегчением, узнав, что дети в безопасности снижение;
смягчение - * of pressure уменьшение давления - * valve( техническое) разгрузочный или предохранительный клапан разнообразие, перемена;
контраст - the trees were a * to the eye деревья радовали глаз - wide stretches of moorland without * бесконечная, однообразная равнина, поросшая вереском - black dress without * черное платье без всяких украшений - Shakespeare introduced comic scenes into his tragedies by way of * Шекспир вводил в свои трагедии комические сцены для разрядки /для освежающего контраста/ помощь - * fund фонд помощи - to send * to people made homeless by floods посылать помощь оставшимся без крова из-за наводнения - to provide * for refugees оказывать помощь беженцам пособие (по безработице) - * cut сокращение пособия - indoor * содержание( неимущих) в домах призрения, больницах и т. п. - outdoor * пособия неимущим, живущим самостоятельно( не в домах призрения и т. п.) - in receipt of * получающий помощь - to put on * включить в список для получения пособия по безработице подкрепление, выручка;
помощь - * party отряд, пришедший на выручку;
спасательная партия - to come to smb.'s * прийти к кому-л. на помощь (военное) снятие осады;
действие по деблокировке - * group деблокировочная группа смена дежурных, караульных;
освобождение от дежурства или обязанностей - * order( военное) приказ на смену войск - to effect * (военное) производить смену войск смена, дежурный или дежурные, заступающие на пост - * pilot второй пилот;
сменный пилот - they explained their duties to their *s они объяснили своим сменщикам их обязанности (юридическое) освобождение (от ответственности, уплаты штрафа и т. п.) (историческое) платеж нового арендатора помещику при переходу к нему прав наследственной аренды (искусство) рельеф - high * горельеф - low * барельеф - in * рельефно, выпукло - done in * сделано рельефно /выпукло/ - carved work in * рельефная резная работа - * work чеканка (география) рельеф, характер местности четкость, отчетливость;
контраст - in * against the sky выступающий на фоне неба - his actions stand out in strong * against his declared principles его поступки никак не вяжутся с принципами, которых он якобы придерживается выделение, подчеркивание - to place in strong * особо подчеркивать /выделять/ (техническое) задний угол заточки (инструмента) age ~ пособие по старости alternative ~ альтернативное средство судебной защиты ancillary ~ дополнительное средство судебной защиты ~ облегчение (боли, страдания, беспокойства) ;
помощь;
утешение;
to bring( или to give) relief принести облегчение double personal ~ двойная персональная скидка с налога double taxation ~ освобождение от двойного налогообложения duty ~ освобождение от уплаты пошлины earned income ~ скидка с налога на трудовой доход emergency ~ помощь в чрезвычайных обстоятельствах farm ~ фермерская дотация general ~ освобождение от ответственности graduated tax ~ скидка с прогрессивного налога group ~ скидка с налога для группы компаний high ~ горельеф ~ рельеф (изображение) ;
рельефность;
in relief рельефно, выпукло ~ четкость, контраст;
in relief against the sky выступающий на фоне неба ~ смена (дежурных, караульных) ;
освобождение (от обязанностей) ;
in the relief при смене, во время смены indicental ~ дополнительное пособие injunctive ~ назначенное пособие interim ~ временное пособие interlocutory ~ временное пособие low ~ барельеф ordinary personal ~ обычная скидка с налога на личное имущество pensioner's personal ~ персональное пособие пенсионеру personal ~ персональная скидка с налога ~ пособие по безработице;
to put on relief включить в список для получения пособия по безработице relief контраст ~ облегчение (боли, страдания, беспокойства) ;
помощь;
утешение;
to bring (или to give) relief принести облегчение ~ облегчение ~ освобождение (от уплаты штрафа) ~ освобождение (от уплаты, ответственности) ~ освобождение от ответственности ~ освобождение от уплаты ~ перемена ~ подкрепление ~ помощь, пособие ~ помощь ~ пособие ~ пособие по безработице;
to put on relief включить в список для получения пособия по безработице ~ разнообразие, перемена (приятная) ~ разнообразие ~ рельеф, характер местности ~ рельеф (изображение) ;
рельефность;
in relief рельефно, выпукло ~ скидка (с налога) ~ скидка с налога ~ смена (дежурных, караульных) ;
освобождение (от обязанностей) ;
in the relief при смене, во время смены ~ смягчение ~ воен. снятие осады ~ средство судебной защиты ~ четкость, контраст;
in relief against the sky выступающий на фоне неба relievo: relievo ит. = relief ~ attr. рельефный;
relief work чеканная работа ~ cut сокращение пособия;
relief fund фонд помощи ~ attr. рельефный;
relief work чеканная работа work: relief ~ общественные работы для безработных social ~ социальное пособие specific ~ решение суда об исполнении в натуре tax ~ скидка с налога unemployment ~ пособие по безработице -
7 ever more
нареч.There was a need to re-house ever more overspilling Londoners. — Имелась необходимость в переселении как никогда прирастающих числом лондонцев.
Syn:2) когда-либоNo aristocracy was ever more shortsighted at the crisis of its fate than the once glorious patriciate of Rome. — Ни одна аристократия не была столь близорукой в видении своей судьбы, как некогда славный римский патрициат.
3) всё болееIn foreign piano-fortes we find many pedals, but in the English we have scarcely ever more than two. — В зарубежных фортепьяно бывает много педалей, в английских же едва ли больше двух.
As reggae grows in popularity, ever more artists are performing material with a reggae flavour. — По мере того, как популярность рэггей растет, все больше художников "приправляют" им свои работы.
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8 relief
I [rɪ'liːf] сущ.1) облегчение, утешениеto bring / give relief — облегчать, приносить облегчение
to feel relief — испытывать, чувствовать облегчение
They found relief in looking at their son's photographs. — Они находили утешение, рассматривая фотографии своего сына.
It was a relief to get home. — Было большим облегчением оказаться дома.
They expressed relief that the crisis was over. — Они выразили облегчение по поводу того, что кризис был преодолён.
To my relief they got there safely. — Слава богу, что они добрались туда в целости и сохранности.
Syn:2)а) помощь (материальная и т. п.); пособие (по безработице и т. п.)Syn:б) подкреплениев) смена (в местах со сменным режимом работы, о человеке, времени работы), сменщикin the relief — при смене, во время смены
3) разнообразие, приятная перемена обстановки4) юр. освобождение (от уплаты штрафа и т. п.)5) воен. снятие осады••II [rɪ'liːf] сущ.1) иск.; = relievo рельеф2) контраст, чёткость, рельефность прям. и перен.Syn:3) геогр. рельеф местности -
9 pull
pull [pʊl]fait de tirer ⇒ 1 (a) traction ⇒ 1 (b) résistance ⇒ 1 (c) attrait ⇒ 1 (d) influence ⇒ 1 (e) tirer ⇒ 2 (a)-(c), 3 (a) traîner ⇒ 2 (a) arracher ⇒ 2 (d) se déchirer ⇒ 2 (e) réussir ⇒ 2 (f)1 noun(a) (tug, act of pulling)∎ to give sth a pull, to give a pull on sth tirer (sur) qch;∎ give it a hard or good pull! tirez fort!;∎ give it one more pull tire encore un coup;∎ we'll need a pull to get out of the mud nous aurons besoin que quelqu'un nous remorque ou nous prenne en remorque pour nous désembourber;∎ with a pull the dog broke free le chien tira sur sa laisse et s'échappa;∎ she felt a pull at or on her handbag elle a senti qu'on tirait sur son sac à main;∎ I felt a pull on the fishing line ça mordait∎ the winch applies a steady pull le treuil exerce une traction continue;∎ the gravitational pull is stronger on Earth la gravitation est plus forte sur Terre;∎ we fought against the pull of the current nous luttions contre le courant qui nous entraînait(c) (resistance → of bowstring) résistance f;∎ adjust the trigger if the pull is too stiff for you réglez la détente si elle est trop dure pour vous(d) (psychological, emotional attraction) attrait m;∎ the pull of city life l'attrait m de la vie en ville;∎ he resisted the pull of family tradition and went his own way il a résisté à l'influence de la tradition familiale pour suivre son propre chemin∎ to have a lot of pull avoir le bras long;∎ he has a lot of pull with the Prime Minister il a beaucoup d'influence sur le Premier ministre;∎ his money gives him a certain political pull son argent lui confère une certaine influence ou un certain pouvoir politique;∎ his father's pull got him in son père l'a pistonné∎ it'll be a long pull to the summit la montée sera longue (et difficile) pour atteindre le sommet;∎ it will be a hard pull upstream il faudra ramer dur pour remonter le courant;∎ it's going to be a long uphill pull to make the firm profitable ça sera difficile de remettre l'entreprise à flot(g) (in rowing → stroke) coup m de rame ou d'aviron;∎ with another pull he was clear of the rock d'un autre coup de rame, il évita le rocher∎ to take a pull at or on one's beer boire ou prendre une gorgée de bière;∎ to take a pull at or on one's cigarette/pipe tirer sur sa cigarette/pipe(j) (snag → in sweater) accroc m;∎ my cardigan has a pull in it j'ai fait un accroc à mon cardigan(k) Typography épreuve f∎ she pulled my hair elle m'a tiré les cheveux;∎ to pull the blinds baisser les stores;∎ to pull the British curtains or∎ American drapes tirer ou fermer les rideaux;∎ we pulled the heavy log across to the fire nous avons traîné la lourde bûche jusqu'au feu;∎ pull the lamp towards you tirez la lampe vers vous;∎ he pulled his chair closer to the fire il approcha sa chaise de la cheminée;∎ she pulled the hood over her face elle abaissa le capuchon sur son visage;∎ he pulled his hat over his eyes il enfonça ou rabattit son chapeau sur ses yeux;∎ he pulled the steering wheel to the right il a donné un coup de volant à droite;∎ to pull a drawer open ouvrir un tiroir;∎ she came in and pulled the door shut behind her elle entra et ferma la porte derrière elle;∎ pull the rope taut tendez la corde;∎ pull the knot tight serrez le nœud;∎ pull the tablecloth straight tendez la nappe;∎ he pulled the wrapping from the package il arracha l'emballage du paquet;∎ he pulled the sheets off the bed il enleva les draps du lit;∎ she pulled her hand from mine elle retira (brusquement) sa main de la mienne;∎ she pulled the box from his hands elle lui a arraché la boîte des mains;∎ he was pulling her towards the exit il l'entraînait vers la sortie;∎ he pulled her closer (to him) il l'a attirée plus près de lui;∎ the current pulled us into the middle of the river le courant nous a entraînés au milieu de la rivière;∎ he pulled himself onto the riverbank il se hissa sur la berge;∎ figurative the sound of the doorbell pulled him out of his daydream le coup de sonnette l'a tiré de ou arraché à ses rêveries;∎ figurative he was pulled off the first team on l'a écarté ou exclu de la première équipe;∎ to pull to bits or pieces (toy, appliance) démolir, mettre en morceaux; (book, flower) déchirer; figurative (book, play, person) démolir(b) (operate → lever, handle) tirer;∎ pull the trigger appuyez ou pressez sur la détente(c) (tow, draw → load, trailer, carriage, boat) tirer, remorquer;∎ carts pulled by mules des charrettes tirées par des mules;∎ a suitcase with wheels that you pull behind you une valise à roulettes qu'on tire ou traîne derrière soi;∎ the barges were pulled along the canals les péniches étaient halées le long des canaux∎ he pulled a dollar bill from his wad/wallet il a tiré un billet d'un dollar de sa liasse/sorti un billet d'un dollar de son portefeuille;∎ he pulled a gun on me il a braqué un revolver sur moi;∎ to pull a cork déboucher une bouteille;∎ to have a tooth pulled se faire arracher une dent;∎ it was like pulling teeth c'était pénible comme tout;∎ getting him to talk is like pulling teeth! il faut lui arracher les mots de la bouche!;∎ familiar can you pull that file for me? pourriez-vous me sortir ce dossier?□(e) (strain → muscle, tendon) se déchirer;∎ she pulled a muscle elle s'est déchiré un muscle, elle s'est fait un claquage;∎ a pulled muscle un claquage;∎ my shoulder feels as if I've pulled something j'ai l'impression que je me suis froissé un muscle de l'épaule∎ she has pulled several daring financial coups elle a réussi plusieurs opérations financières audacieuses;∎ he pulled a big bank job in Italy il a réussi un hold-up de première dans une banque italienne;∎ to pull a trick on sb jouer un tour à qn□ ;∎ what are you trying to pull? qu'est-ce que tu es en train de combiner ou manigancer?□ ;∎ don't try and pull anything! n'essayez pas de jouer au plus malin!;∎ don't ever pull a stunt like that again ne me/nous/ etc refais jamais un tour comme ça□ ;∎ to pull a fast one on sb avoir qn, rouler qn;∎ American I pulled an all-nighter j'ai bossé toute la nuit∎ to pull a horse retenir un cheval;∎ also figurative to pull one's punches retenir ses coups, ménager son adversaire;∎ figurative she didn't pull any punches elle n'y est pas allée de main morte(h) (in golf, tennis → ball) puller;∎ to pull a shot puller(i) (in rowing → boat) faire avancer à la rame;∎ he pulls a good oar c'est un bon rameur;∎ the boat pulls eight oars c'est un bateau à huit avirons(l) (gut → fowl) vider∎ people complained and they had to pull the commercial ils ont dû retirer la pub suite à des plaintes∎ the festival pulled a big crowd le festival a attiré beaucoup de monde;∎ how many votes will he pull? combien de voix va-t-il récolter?□∎ he pulls pints at the Crown il est barman au Crown(a) (exert force, tug) tirer;∎ pull harder! tirez plus fort!;∎ to pull on or at a rope tirer sur un cordage;∎ the bandage may pull when I take it off le pansement risque de vous tirer la peau quand je l'enlèverai;∎ the steering pulls to the right la direction tire à droite;∎ Cars the 2-litre model pulls very well le modèle 2 litres a de bonnes reprises;∎ figurative they're pulling in different directions ils tirent à hue et à dia(b) (rope, cord)∎ the rope pulled easily la corde filait librement(c) (go, move)∎ pull into the space next to the Mercedes mettez-vous ou garez-vous à côté de la Mercedes;∎ he pulled into the right-hand lane il a pris la file de droite;∎ pull into the garage entrez dans le garage;∎ when the train pulls out of the station quand le train quitte la gare;∎ she pulled clear of the pack elle s'est détachée du peloton;∎ he pulled clear of the traffic and sped on il est sorti du flot de la circulation et a accéléré;∎ he pulled sharply to the left il a viré brutalement sur la gauche;∎ the lorry pulled slowly up the hill le camion gravissait lentement la côte∎ the engine's pulling le moteur fatigue ou peine∎ the head of personnel is pulling for you or on your behalf vous avez le chef du personnel derrière vous□(f) (snag → sweater) filer;∎ my sweater's pulled in a couple of places mon pull a plusieurs mailles filées∎ to pull for shore ramer vers la côte;∎ to pull with a long stroke ramer à grands coups d'aviron∎ did you pull last night? t'as levé une nana/un mec hier soir?►► American pull date date f limite de vente;Marketing pull strategy stratégie f pull;(handle roughly → person) malmener; (→ object) tirer dans tous les sens, tirailler;∎ stop pulling me about! mais lâche-moi donc!prendre de l'avance;∎ to pull ahead of sb prendre de l'avance sur qn(load, vehicle) tirer; (person) entraîner;∎ he was pulling the suitcase along by the strap il tirait la valise derrière lui par la sangle;∎ she pulled me along by my arm elle m'entraînait en me tirant par le bras(a) (take to pieces → machine, furniture) démonter;∎ now you've pulled it all apart, are you sure you can fix it? maintenant que tu as tout démonté, es-tu sûr de pouvoir le réparer?(b) (destroy, break → object) mettre en morceaux ou en pièces; (→ clothing) déchirer; (body, flesh) déchiqueter;∎ the wreck was pulled apart by the waves les vagues ont disloqué l'épave;∎ tell him where it's hidden or he'll pull the place apart dites-lui où c'est (caché) sinon il va tout saccager(e) (make suffer) déchirer(furniture) se démonter, être démontable;∎ the shelves simply pull apart les étagères se démontent sans outils(a) (cart, toy, suitcase) tirer derrière soi(b) (make turn) tourner, faire pivoter;∎ he pulled the horse around il fit faire demi-tour à son cheval(a) (strain at, tug at) tirer sur;∎ the dog pulled at the leash le chien tira sur la laisse;∎ we pulled at the rope nous avons tiré sur la corde;∎ I pulled at his sleeve je l'ai tiré par la manche;∎ each pulled at an oar chacun tirait sur un aviron;∎ the wind pulled at her hair le vent faisait voler ses cheveux(b) (suck → pipe, cigar) tirer sur;∎ (→ bottle) he pulled at his bottle of beer il a bu une gorgée de bière(withdraw → covering, hand) retirer; (grab) arracher;∎ she pulled her hand away elle retira ou ôta sa main;∎ he pulled me away from the window il m'éloigna de la fenêtre;∎ she pulled the book away from him elle lui arracha le livre(a) (withdraw → person) s'écarter;∎ I put out my hand but she pulled away j'ai tendu la main vers elle mais elle s'est détournée;∎ he had me by the arm but I managed to pull away il me tenait par le bras mais j'ai réussi à me dégager∎ the boat pulled away from the bank le bateau quitta la rive;∎ the train pulled away from the station le train a quitté la gare;∎ as the train began to pull away alors que le train s'ébranlait(c) (get ahead → runner, competitor) prendre de l'avance;∎ she's pulling away from the pack elle prend de l'avance sur le peloton, elle se détache du peloton(a) (draw backwards or towards one) retirer;∎ he pulled his hand back il retira ou ôta sa main;∎ she pulled back the curtains elle ouvrit les rideaux;∎ pull the lever back tirez le levier (vers l'arrière);∎ he pulled me back from the railing il m'a éloigné de la barrière;∎ to pull sb/a company back from the brink faire refaire surface à qn/une entreprise, tirer qn/une entreprise d'affaire(b) (withdraw → troops) retirer(a) (withdraw → troops, participant) se retirer;∎ it's too late to pull back now il est trop tard pour se retirer ou pour faire marche arrière maintenant;∎ they pulled back from committing themselves fully ils ont renoncé à s'engager complètement(b) (step backwards) reculer;∎ to pull back involuntarily avoir un mouvement de recul involontaire(c) (jib → horse, person) regimber(a) (lower → lever, handle) tirer (vers le bas); (→ trousers, veil) baisser; (→ suitcase, book) descendre; (→ blind, window) baisser;∎ pull the blind/the window down baissez le store/la vitre;∎ with his hat pulled down over his eyes son chapeau rabattu sur les yeux;∎ she pulled her skirt down over her knees elle ramena sa jupe sur ses genoux;∎ I pulled him down onto the chair je l'ai fait asseoir sur la chaise;∎ he's pulling the whole team down il fait baisser le niveau de toute l'équipe;∎ my marks in the oral exam will pull me down mes notes à l'oral vont baisser ou descendre ma moyenne(b) (demolish → house, wall) démolir, abattre;∎ they're pulling down the whole neighbourhood ils démolissent tout le quartier;∎ figurative it'll pull down the government ça va renverser le gouvernement(blind) descendre➲ pull in(a) (line, fishing net) ramener;∎ they pulled the rope in ils tirèrent la corde à eux;∎ to pull sb in (into building, car) tirer qn à l'intérieur, faire entrer qn; (into water) faire tomber qn à l'eau∎ to pull oneself in rentrer son ventre(c) (attract → customers, investors, investment) attirer;∎ the show's really pulling them in le spectacle attire les foules∎ they pulled him in for questioning ils l'ont arrêté pour l'interroger(f) (stop → horse) retenir, tirer les rênes de;∎ to pull one's car in to the kerb se ranger près du trottoir;∎ to be pulled in for speeding être arrêté pour excès de vitesse(vehicle, driver → stop) s'arrêter; (→ park) se garer; (→ move to side of road) se rabattre; (arrive → train) entrer en gare;∎ I pulled in for petrol je me suis arrêté pour prendre de l'essence;∎ the car in front pulled in to let me past la voiture devant moi s'est rabattue pour me laisser passer;∎ pull in here arrête-toi là;∎ to pull in to the kerb se ranger près du trottoir;∎ the express pulled in two hours late l'express est arrivé avec deux heures de retard➲ pull off(a) (clothes, boots, ring) enlever, retirer; (cover, bandage, knob, wrapping) enlever; (page from calendar, sticky backing) détacher;∎ to pull the sheets off the bed retirer ou enlever les draps du lit;∎ I pulled her hat off je lui ai enlevé son chapeau; (more violently) je lui ai arraché son chapeau(b) familiar (accomplish → deal, stratagem, mission, shot) réussir□ ; (→ press conference, negotiations) mener à bien□ ; (→ plan) réaliser□ ; (→ prize) décrocher, gagner□ ;∎ the deal will be difficult to pull off cette affaire ne sera pas facile à négocier;∎ will she (manage to) pull it off? est-ce qu'elle va y arriver?;∎ he pulled it off il a réussi∎ to pull sb off branler qn;∎ to pull oneself off se branler∎ he pulled off onto a side road il bifurqua sur une petite route;∎ there's no place to pull off il n'y a pas de place pour s'arrêter∎ the lid simply pulls off il suffit de tirer pour enlever le couvercle;∎ the top pulls off to reveal… le dessus se retire et on peut voir…➲ pull on(clothes, boots, pillow slip) mettre, enfiler(a) (tug at → rope, handle etc) tirer sur(b) (draw on → cigarette, pipe) tirer sur➲ pull out(a) (remove → tooth, hair, weeds) arracher; (→ splinter, nail) enlever; (→ plug, cork) ôter, enlever; (produce → wallet, weapon) sortir, tirer;∎ she pulled a map out of her bag elle a sorti une carte de son sac;∎ he pulled a page out of his notebook il a déchiré une feuille de son carnet;∎ pull the paper gently out of the printer retirez doucement le papier de l'imprimante;∎ to pull a nail out of a plank arracher un clou d'une planche;∎ the tractor pulled us out of the mud/ditch le tracteur nous a sortis de la boue/du fossé;∎ to pull the country out of recession (faire) sortir le pays de la récession;∎ to pull sb out of a tight spot tirer qn d'un mauvais pas;∎ familiar to pull out all the stops (to do sth) faire le maximum (pour faire qch)∎ pull the bed out from the wall écartez le lit du mur;∎ he pulled a chair out from under the table il a écarté une chaise de la table(c) (withdraw → troops, contestant) retirer;∎ the battalion was pulled out of the border area le bataillon a été retiré de la région frontalière;∎ he threatened to pull the party out of the coalition il menaça de retirer le parti de la coalition(a) (withdraw → troops, ally, participant) se retirer; (→ company from project, buyer) se désister; (→ company from place) quitter une/la région/ville/ etc;∎ when they pulled out of Vietnam quand ils se sont retirés du Viêt-nam;∎ she's pulling out of the election elle retire sa candidature;∎ they've pulled out of the deal ils se sont retirés de l'affaire∎ she was pulling out of the garage elle sortait du garage;∎ he pulled out to overtake il a déboîté pour doubler;∎ a truck suddenly pulled out in front of me soudain, un camion m'a coupé la route;∎ to pull out into traffic s'engager dans la circulation;∎ Aviation to pull out of a dive sortir d'un piqué, se rétablir∎ to pull out of a recession/a crisis sortir de la récession/d'une crise∎ the sofa pulls out into a bed le canapé se transforme en lit;∎ the shelves pull out on peut retirer les étagères;∎ the table top pulls out c'est une table à rallonges(a) (draw into specified position) tirer, traîner;∎ pull the chair over to the window amenez la chaise près de la fenêtre;∎ she pulled the dish over and helped herself elle a tiré le plat vers ou à elle et s'est servie(b) (make fall → pile, person, table) faire tomber, renverser;∎ watch out you don't pull that lamp over fais attention de ne pas faire tomber cette lampe(c) (usu passive) (stop → vehicle, driver) arrêter;∎ I got pulled over for speeding je me suis fait arrêter pour excès de vitesse(vehicle, driver → stop) s'arrêter; (→ move to side of road) se ranger, se rabattre;∎ pull over and let the fire engine past rangez-vous ou rabattez-vous sur le côté et laissez passer les pompiers∎ a drop of brandy will pull her round un peu de cognac la remettra ou remontera(regain consciousness) revenir à soi, reprendre connaissance; (recover) se remettre(a) (draw through → rope, thread) faire passer;∎ pull the needle through to the other side faites sortir l'aiguille de l'autre côté(b) (help survive or surmount) tirer d'affaire;∎ he says his faith pulled him through il dit que c'est sa foi qui lui a permis de s'en sortir(recover) s'en sortir, s'en tirer(shut → door, gate) fermer(a) (place together, join) joindre∎ I've pulled together a few suggestions j'ai préparé ou noté quelques propositions(c) to pull oneself together se reprendre, se ressaisir;∎ pull yourself together! ressaisissez-vous!, ne vous laissez pas aller!∎ pull together! (in rowing) avant partout!(b) (combine efforts, cooperate) concentrer ses efforts, agir de concert;∎ we've all got to pull together on this one il faut que nous nous y mettions tous ensemble, il faut que nous nous attelions tous ensemble à la tâche➲ pull up(a) (draw upwards → trousers, sleeve, blanket, lever) remonter; (→ blind) hausser, lever; (→ skirt) retrousser, relever; (hoist oneself) hisser;∎ they pulled the boat up onto the beach ils ont tiré le bateau sur la plage;∎ she pulled herself up onto the ledge elle s'est hissée sur le rebord;∎ to pull one's socks up tirer ou remonter ses chaussettes; familiar figurative se remuer, s'activer(b) (move closer → chair) approcher;∎ I pulled a chair up to the desk j'ai approché une chaise du bureau;∎ why don't you pull up a chair and join us? prenez donc une chaise et joignez-vous à nous!;∎ he pulled the crate up to the scales il a traîné la caisse jusqu'à la balance(c) (uproot → weeds) arracher; (→ bush, stump, tree) arracher, déraciner; (rip up → floorboards) arracher∎ to be pulled up (by the police) se faire arrêter (par un agent);∎ his warning pulled me up short je me suis arrêté net lorsqu'il m'a crié de faire attention;∎ he was about to tell them everything but I pulled him up (short) il était sur le point de tout leur dire mais je lui ai coupé la parole∎ his good marks in maths pulled him up again ses bonnes notes en maths ont remonté sa moyenne∎ he was pulled up for being late il s'est fait enguirlander pour être arrivé en retard;∎ if your work is sloppy, they'll pull you up on it si ton travail est bâclé, tu vas te faire taper sur les doigts∎ as I was pulling up at the red light alors que j'allais m'arrêter au feu rouge;∎ pull up at or outside the main entrance arrêtez-vous devant l'entrée principale;∎ to pull up short s'arrêter net ou brusquement(c) (draw even) rattraper;∎ to pull up with sb rattraper qn;∎ Sun Boy is pulling up on the outside! Sun Boy remonte à l'extérieur!(d) (improve → student, athlete, performance) s'améliorer -
10 económico
económico
◊ -ca adjetivo1 ‹crisis/situación› economic ( before n); ‹problema/independencia› financial 2 ‹restaurante/hotel› cheap, inexpensive ‹ persona› thrifty
económico,-a adjetivo
1 (país, empresa) economic (persona) financial: tienen problemas económicos, they have financial troubles
2 (barato) economical, inexpensive: el traje me salió muy económico, the suit was very cheap
comidas económicas, cheap meals
3 (persona ahorradora) thrifty Recuerda que el adjetivo economic, relativo a la economía, no es igual al adjetivo economical, que significa económico, barato. ' económico' also found in these entries: Spanish: ajuste - ámbito - beneficio - bloqueo - desajuste - despegue - económica - ejercicio - holgura - nivel - respaldo - revés - auge - clima - desbarajuste - orden - plan - refugiado - sostén English: budget - business - cheap - diner - ease - economic - economical - fall back on - financial - inexpensive - thrifty - wasteful - café - economics - support - third - uneconomical
См. также в других словарях:
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